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2D Materials for Bioelectronics

Piyush Sharma and Shagun Kainth

Virginia Tech Center for Excellence in Emerging Materials, Thapar Institute of Engineering & Technology,

Patiala, India

P.K. Diwan

Department of Applied Science, UIET, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, India

CONTENTS

3.1 Introduction..........................................................................................................................35

3.2 Key Properties of Materials for Bioelectronics...............................................................37

3.2.1 Biocompatibility.......................................................................................................38

3.2.2 Shape Conformation ...............................................................................................39

3.2.3 Electrical and Optical Properties ..........................................................................40

3.2.4 Mechanical Properties.............................................................................................40

3.3 Synthesis of 2D Materials for Bioelectronics..................................................................41

3.3.1 Top-Down Synthesis Protocols.............................................................................42

3.3.1.1 Scotch-Tape Protocol................................................................................42

3.3.1.2 Mechanical Force–Assisted Liquid Exfoliation ...................................43

3.3.1.3 Liquid Exfoliation Through Ion Intercalation and Ion Exchange ...43

3.3.1.4 Liquid Exfoliation Through Oxidation and Reduction .....................45

3.3.1.5 Liquid Exfoliation Via Etching...............................................................46

3.3.2 Bottom-Up Synthesis Protocols.............................................................................46

3.3.2.1 Chemical Vapor Deposition....................................................................46

3.3.2.2 Wet-Chemical Synthesis ..........................................................................46

3.4 Mechanism of Bioelectronic System.................................................................................46

3.4.1 Mechanism for Field-Effect Transistors...............................................................47

3.4.2 Mechanism for Nanopore-Based Bioelectronics ................................................47

3.4.3 Mechanism for Multi-Electrode Array-Based Bioelectronics...........................48

3.4.4 Mechanism for Optical Resonator-Integrated Bioelectronics ..........................48

3.4.5 Mechanism for Multifunctional Sensor Array-Based Bioelectronics .............48

3.5 Emerging Challenges and Future Prospective...............................................................49

References ......................................................................................................................................49

3.1 Introduction

The bioelectronic is a bridge between electronic and biological devices. Bioelectronics con­

nects biological components such as proteins, antibodies, DNA, and cells with electronic

DOI: 10.1201/9781003263265-3

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